The importance of a prompt diagnosis and treatment of periodontitis in children is emphasized by the association between the presence of per...
The importance of a prompt diagnosis and treatment of periodontitis in children is emphasized by the association between the presence of periodontitis in primary dentition and periodontitis at older ages in the same individual.
The 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions classified periodontal disease in children as follows:
°Dental plaque-induced gingival diseases; aggressive periodontitis (previously known as “prepubertal” or “early onset periodontitis”); chronic periodontitis; periodontitis as a manifestation of a systemic disease; and necrotizing periodontal diseases.
Aggressive and chronic periodontitis is subdivided into localized or generalized, depending on the size of the area affected. Most of the literature reports of severe periodontal destruction in children are associated with systemic diseases such as hypophosphatasia, cyclic neutropenia, agranulocytosis, histiocytosis X, leukocyte adhesion deficiency, Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome and leukemia.
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Although destructive forms of periodontal disease in infants are relatively uncommon, children and adolescents may manifest any form of periodontitis. However, it has been shown that aggressive periodontitis may be more common in children and adolescents, while chronic periodontitis is more frequent in adults.
The etiology of aggressive periodontitis may be broadly divided into two categories: bacterial plaque with highly pathogenic bacteria, and impaired host defense mechanism.
As far as pathological microflora is concerned, the most important bacteria appear to be highly virulent strains of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans previously known as Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in combination with Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Treponema denticola, however other bacteria may be present.
Although there seems to be a genetic predisposition for periodontal diseases, it has also been shown that periodontopathic bacteria are transmissible among family members or between children and their caregivers.
odontologiaparabebes.com
Camila Palma Portaro / Yndira Gonzalez Chópite / Abel Cahuana Cárdenas
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